N D Savla & Associates
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Stock Audit Services | N D Savla & Associates
Stock Audit Services

Stock Audit Overview

Inventory Stock Audit, Fixed Asset Verification & Warehouse Audit — Bank, Management & Insurance Mandated

Inventory Physical Count Fixed Asset Verification Warehouse Audit Drawing Power Computation Bank Empanelled
3Audit Categories
70–80%Typical Advance Rate
QuarterlyBank-Mandated Frequency
3 YrsFixed Asset Cycle (CARO)
7 StepsAudit Process

Unlike a statutory financial audit that focuses on historical accounting record accuracy, a stock audit is operationally grounded. It physically confirms that the assets a business claims to hold actually exist, are in the condition the books represent, and are appropriately valued. Consequences are immediate and tangible: drawing power is adjusted, assets that cannot be located are written off, insurance claims are settled, and management gets a ground-truth picture of their asset base.

⚠ Bank Hypothecation Warning Drawing power must not exceed the value of eligible physical stock as verified by the stock auditor. Submitting false stock statements to obtain credit in excess of eligible drawing power constitutes fraud under Section 447 of the Companies Act 2013 — penalties include heavy fines and imprisonment. N D Savla & Associates assists clients in maintaining accurate stock statements and prevents inadvertent overstatement.

The Three Pillars of Stock Audit

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Inventory Stock Audit

Physical verification of raw materials, components, packaging, WIP, and finished goods. Identifies book-to-physical variances, slow-moving and obsolete stock, damaged goods, and computes drawing power for working capital borrowers based on verified eligible inventory value.

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Fixed Asset Audit & Verification

Physical examination and register reconciliation of plant, machinery, equipment, vehicles, computers, and furniture. Identifies ghost assets (in register but not physically present) and unrecorded assets. Covers capitalisation review, depreciation verification, and CARO 2020 compliance.

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Warehouse Audit

The most comprehensive category — combines physical stock count with systematic review of operational processes, storage conditions, safety compliance, and WMS accuracy. For banks: computes drawing power and confirms the ownership and unencumbered nature of hypothecated goods.

Who Commissions Stock Audits and Why?

Client TypePurposeTypical FrequencyKey Deliverable
Banks & NBFCsVerify drawing power claimed by borrower; confirm eligible physical stock supports the credit limitQuarterly or semi-annual (per sanction letter)Drawing Power Statement + Stock Audit Report in bank's prescribed format
ManagementERP validation, theft/pilferage detection, obsolescence assessment, board assurance on inventory figures used for financial reportingMonthly cycle counts + semi-annual full countVariance analysis, obsolescence schedule, internal control recommendations
Insurance CompaniesVerify quantum of inventory/asset loss claimed after fire, flood, theft, or other insured perilAs required on loss eventForensic-level loss investigation report, defensible before NCDRC
Investors & AcquirersIndependent verification of target company inventory quantity, quality, and realisable value in M&A due diligenceAs required for transactionDue diligence stock report affecting purchase price and acquisition structure
Regulatory RequirementsCARO 2020 fixed asset verification, Customs bonded warehouse, FSSAI stock condition verificationPer regulatory requirementCompliance report in prescribed format for the relevant regulatory authority

Our Stock Audit Process — 7 Steps

  1. Pre-Audit Planning & Scope Confirmation

    For bank audits: review sanction letter for drawing power formula, eligible stock categories, and report format. For management audits: confirm objectives. For fixed asset audits: review prior year register, major categories, and recent additions/disposals. Prepare count plans, team schedules, zone maps, and count sheet templates before deployment.

  2. Physical Count Execution — Systematic & Controlled

    Counting teams trained in counting across different environments (shelves, racking, bulk storage, production lines), estimation methods for bulk goods, cut-off management, and dual-count methodology for high-value items. All count sheets signed by both auditor team member and client's designated representative for each zone.

  3. System Extract & Book Record Collection

    ERP stock ledger extract by item, location, and batch as of the count date — a snapshot taken at the exact moment of counting. For manually maintained records: bin card or stock register as of count date. The accuracy of this extract is critical to avoid apparent timing-difference variances.

  4. Count-to-Book Reconciliation & Variance Analysis

    Reconcile physical count results with book extract by SKU or asset category. Investigate material variances above agreed tolerance level: counting error (recount), ERP processing error (journal entry), genuine stock loss (write-off), or unrecorded receipt (entry required).

  5. Quality & Condition Assessment

    For inventory: identify near/past expiry, physically damaged, obsolete, and slow-moving items. For fixed assets: identify out-of-service, under repair, redundant, and fully depreciated items. Condition assessment feeds directly into write-down and write-off recommendations.

  6. Drawing Power Computation — Bank Audits

    Drawing power = (eligible inventory at cost or NRV, whichever lower × advance rate) + (eligible book debts within stipulated collection period × advance rate) – (creditors). Formula and advance rates as specified in bank's sanction letter. Prepared in bank's prescribed format.

  7. Stock Audit Report Preparation & Submission

    Comprehensive report: auditor's overall opinion on reliability of book inventory records; book-to-physical variance summary by major category; drawing power computation (where applicable); quality and condition findings; and internal control recommendations. Prepared in commissioning party's required format.

Technology We Use for Stock Audit

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Barcode Scanners

Handheld scanners for barcode-labelled inventory — capture item codes, quantities, and location data digitally, eliminating manual entry errors and significantly speeding reconciliation.

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Tablet-Based Count Sheets

Digital count forms allowing team members to enter counts directly, with immediate flagging of items that deviate significantly from book quantity for immediate investigation.

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WMS Data Extraction

Real-time location and quantity data extraction from major Warehouse Management System platforms for comparison with physical count results in warehouse audit engagements.

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Reconciliation Tools

Purpose-built spreadsheet tools reconciling physical count data (imported from scanner or tablet) with ERP extracts — computing variances and categorising items for follow-up investigation.

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Digital Asset Photography

Photographic documentation of each verified fixed asset alongside its asset tag — creating visual evidence of the verification exercise for the fixed asset audit report.

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E-Way Bill Cross-Referencing

Post-GST cross-referencing of physical inventory against e-way bill records — a new digital audit trail for goods movements providing an additional verification layer.

Why Choose N D Savla & Associates?

  • Bank empanelled — empanelled with several leading public and private sector banks; reports meet each bank's specific format and content requirements
  • Multi-location capability — single-location to pan-India multi-location engagements; appropriately sized teams deployed efficiently
  • Insurance loss investigation expertise — forensic-level methodology; reports defensible before NCDRC and insurance regulatory bodies
  • M&A due diligence speed — experienced in deal-timeline environments where speed, confidentiality, and accuracy are all simultaneously critical
  • Concurrent stock audit retainer — dedicated monthly-visit teams for banks with large or high-risk borrowers; deep operational familiarity built over time
  • CARO 2020 compliance — fixed asset audit reports structured to support the statutory auditor's CARO 2020 disclosures on physical verification
  • E-commerce specialisation — multi-warehouse networks, high-velocity SKU catalogues, returns processing, and 3PL arrangements addressed with specialist methodology

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a stock audit and a statutory financial audit?
A stock audit physically verifies asset existence, quantity, and condition — directly examining what exists and comparing with what books say should exist. A statutory financial audit examines accounting records to form an opinion on truth and fairness — it relies on documentary evidence. A statutory auditor might spend 1-2 days on physical verification; a dedicated stock auditor might spend 5 days at the same location, counting every item and reconciling every variance.
How is drawing power computed, and why does it matter?
Drawing power = (eligible inventory at cost or NRV, whichever lower × advance rate) + (eligible book debts within stipulated period × advance rate) – (creditors). Formula is in the bank's sanction letter. If a borrower's books imply drawing power of Rs. 10 crore but verified eligible stock is worth Rs. 7 crore, the bank reduces drawing power immediately to Rs. 7 crore (adjusted for advance rate) — affecting liquidity materially and immediately.
How often should stock audits be conducted?
For bank-mandated audits: frequency is in the sanction letter — typically quarterly or semi-annual full audits plus monthly stock statements by the borrower. For management: high-value fast-moving inventory benefits from monthly cycle counts and semi-annual full counts; lower-value slower-moving inventory annually. Fixed assets: full physical verification at least every 3 years per CARO 2020; annual reconciliation of additions and disposals.
What happens if a stock audit reveals significant shortages vs drawing power?
The bank has several options: reduction in drawing power limit; classification as irregular or watch account with enhanced monitoring; or in cases of intentional misrepresentation — SARFAESI enforcement, SFIO complaint, and RBI blacklisting. This makes accurate stock statements not just a compliance requirement but a critical business risk management imperative.
What is a concurrent stock audit, and how does it differ from periodic?
A concurrent stock audit is an ongoing monthly audit at the business premises — verifying stock receipts, dispatches, spot-counting selected categories, reviewing significant transaction documentation, and submitting a monthly report. It provides real-time assurance and is required by banks for larger or higher-risk borrowers. N D Savla & Associates conducts concurrent audits on a retainer basis with dedicated teams building deep operational familiarity over time.
Can stock audit be conducted without disrupting operations?
Full physical count requires suspension of goods movement during counting — but our teams work efficiently to minimise the disruption window. Cycle counts and concurrent audits can proceed in zones with minimal disruption to other operations. For large warehouses, we work with the client to schedule count zones during low-activity periods such as nights, weekends, or plant shutdown windows.

Accurate, Timely Stock Audit — Bank, Management or Insurance

Whether bank-mandated, management-driven, or insurance-required — our teams are available for single-location and pan-India multi-location stock audits. Reports meet all bank, regulatory, and stakeholder requirements.

Contact Our Stock Audit Team